Basics Of Drawing Power
A short summary of power draw on film sets
When lighting on set and drawing any kind of power, you have to be extremely careful about what you're putting on each circuit. As an electrician, you're responsible for knowing where power is coming from and how much you're pulling. One wrong light plugged into an outlet that's already close to its limit can trip a breaker, stop production, and waste valuable time that could have been avoided.
Whenever I walk into a house or filming location, the first thing I do is look for the electrical panel. Ask the homeowner, location manager, AD, or just go looking for it yourself. You might get some weird looks, but it's a lot better than scrambling to find it after you've tripped a breaker in the middle of a take.
When you open the panel, it can look a little intimidating. Relax. Most residential locations in the United States use circuit breakers, not old-school fuses. The two breaker sizes you'll see most often are 15-amp and 20-amp breakers. Once you know those numbers, the math is easy.
Volts × Amps = Watts
Standard household outlets in the U.S. run on about 120 volts, so here's what that looks like:
120 × 15 = 1,800 watts
120 × 20 = 2,400 watts
Those are the theoretical maximums for those circuits. In reality, you should never plan on using all of it. A good rule of thumb is to stay around 80% of the circuit's capacity, especially if your lights are going to be on for long periods of time. That means:
- 15-amp circuit: around 1,440 watts
- 20-amp circuit: around 1,920 watts
Also remember that if you're filming in someone's house, you're probably not the only thing using that circuit. Refrigerators, TVs, lamps, Wi-Fi routers, and who knows what else could already be pulling power.
Another thing to keep in mind is that some professional lights can draw a little more power when they're first turned on. Even if a fixture is rated at 600 watts, don't assume you're perfectly safe stacking them right up to the circuit's limit. Give yourself some breathing room.
And don't forget about the other departments. Camera needs monitors powered. Hair and Makeup has hair dryers and curling irons. Sound has chargers. Production is charging phones every five minutes. During the safety meeting, I always introduce myself and the electrics team and let everyone know that if they need power, come talk to us first. It's a simple way to avoid someone plugging into the wrong outlet and taking down half the set.
If you do trip a breaker, don't panic. That's exactly what breakers are designed to do—they're protecting the wiring from being overloaded. Turn off or unplug everything on that circuit, head to the electrical panel, reset the breaker, and rethink how you've distributed your power.
The more you understand the building's electrical system before you plug anything in, the smoother your day on set is going to be. Spending five minutes checking the panel can easily save you fifteen or twenty minutes of downtime later.